Conferment of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations at the University of Bologna

"I am however convinced that if the internal factors can be systematically and adequately addressed, it will be less difficult for the Continent to address the external factors. What is required is determination and commitment by African countries to elaborate appropriate policies to address such factors. While the argument that African problems are first and foremost the responsibility of Africa is a valid one, it should not suggest or lead to isolationism or autarky. Indeed, Africa must recognize its own potential in a highly competitive and rapidly changing world." - Dr. Salim, November 8, 1996